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Application of the Reading Comprehension Method in the Teaching of Selected Species of Amphibians at Lower Secondary Education
Korečková, Valentýna ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
In my diploma thesis I apply the reading comprehension method in the biology and I focus on selected species of amphibians. Understanding the text is a prerequisite for learning from the text, and it is an important part of understanding the world. This is the reason why I use a multidisciplinary approach and I included reading comprehension methods in the teaching of amphibians in elementary school. In my diploma thesis, I made a research which I examine whether students with learning disabilities will be able to understand the text, or whether they will be more successful in a simpler text supplemented with pictures and graphs. Furthermore, I deal with whether teaching with the application of the reading comprehension method will increase students' interest in the discussed topic and whether these students will be more successful in verifying their knowledge than students who were taught using the frontal method. I have chosen methods to achieve the goals which are: a frontal teaching method, teaching with the application of developing reading comprehension, a test in the form of a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview with pupils. It is a mixed research, where I combine qualitative and quantitative research procedures. This research is implemented at a selected elementary school. The...
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Reading comprehension among pupils at third grafe of elementary schools
Jindrová, Barbora ; Kučerová, Olga (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The present thesis deals with the issue of reading comprehension of pupils in the 3rd grade of elementary school taught by the Sfumato reading method. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part introduces the concepts of reading, some sub-skills for the development of reading comprehension. We also describe some reading methods used in Czech education, focusing more on the Sfumato reading method. The last chapter is devoted to a reflection on the influence of distance learning on the acquisition of reading by beginning readers. The practical section presents research whose primary aim was to describe the typical developmental level of reading 3rd grade students taught using the Sfumato reading method. The secondary aim was to compare the average performance of pupils of this method with the analytic-synthetic and genetic methods. The research sample consisted of 45 pupils of the 3rd grade of the Sfumato method from a total of 3 primary schools in the Czech Republic. The pupils were administered the PorTex diagnostic battery. The empirical part is divided into descriptive and analytical parts. The descriptive part focuses on the description of the developmental picture of pupils of the 3rd year of the Sfumato method in reading skills. In the analytical part,...
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Morfological and phonological awareness as predictors of reading literacy
LIETAVCOVÁ, Martina
The dissertation is engaged in reading pre-literacy difficulties from the point of view of psychological and psycholinguistic, particularly the factors that influence the development of reading literacy before children start to attend elementary schools. The aim is to analyze the factors which are considered as fundamental to the development of pre-reading skills, and above all it emphasizes phonological and morphological factors. Morphological factors seem to be applicable in transparent, consistent orthographic systems, that also include the Czech language environment. The empirical part presents the results of quantitative survey made with some children before starting their elementary education. It is followed by thorough longitudinal examination of pupils when the influence of morphological reading skills is observed. The results showed that the influence of morphological awareness in the Czech language environment is comparable to the predictable effect of phonological awareness. However, both types of the predictors appear in a different way, according to various reading parameters. Phonological awareness is closely related to decoding (especially to the speed of reading), on the other hand morphological awareness is related to reading comprehension. While testing the child´s comprehension, two various circumstances were distinguished, loud and quiet reading. While reading loud the position of morphological awareness is a lot more dominant compared to the position of phonological awareness. By the appearance, the predictable effect of morphological and phonological awareness was changing if the two predictors were studied individually or as the set of all the used predictors. The study of research helps to recognize the "backward" children having big problems with morphological skills that can endanger their further development of reading. The results have been put in context along with the professional Czech and foreign literature data.
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Early reading literacy development of early readers at the beginning of the school attendance
Zemanová, Lenka
Early reading literacy development of early readers at the beginning of the school attendance Abstract The aim of the dissertation is to monitor the development of the initial reading literacy of early readers, i.e., children who have learned to read with the comprehension before beginning of their school attendance. The aim of the research was to find answers to the questions how and when these children learned to read and how their initial reading literacy and motivation to read developed during the first year of primary school. Subsequently, the subject of the research was the verification of the connection between early reading and intellectual giftedness and family background. The theoretical part is devoted to current trends in primary school, the basic principles of primary education are described with emphasis on personal and constructivist conception of teaching, focusing on the topics of pupil assessment and inclusive education, including the education of gifted and exceptionally gifted students. The term reading literacy is defined, the stages of its development are distinguished and questions concerning reading are discussed, including the results of research on early reading in the Czech and foreign contexts. The chapter devoted to giftedness defines the term of giftedness and its...
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Reading comprehension of the Czech texts among foreign pupils - Level A1
Ružbacká, Jana ; Hájková, Eva (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
This master theses deals with certain aspects of Czech as foreign language. It comprises of 2 parts. The first one is theoretical background and explains key concepts as e.g. migration, foreign pupil in czech school, teaching of foreign pupils, reading comprehension, characteristic of level A1 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. It introduces European language portfolio and vocabulary for level A1. The second part is focused on field research that was realised at primary school in Prague. For this qualitative research were chosen 10 pupils from Slavic and Non-Slavic countries. The aim of this research was gaining of compact information about chosen pupils by analysing their individual educational plan, interviews with pupils, teachers and headmaster, analysing their tests and observation. The reseach was concentrated on reading comprehension. 3 different texts were made. One from them was made according to vocabulary for level A1. The other texts were text from textbook and it's simplified version. Each text had a few questions that pupils had to answer. The results of two texts were compared and commented. We cannot say that if pupil is longer time in Czech environment, he or she has better command of Czech language. Comparison of two types of texts did not bring...
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Self-evaluation of reading
Bezecná, Andrea ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
This diploma thesis investigates the question of the development of reading skills and their relationship with the self-concept of an individual. The teoretical part describes a development of reading literacy from the view of language, because a development of reading closely depends on a language, in which an individual learns to read. Also, it describes a development of reading literacy from the view of variables, which can be found inside of an individual and his environment. Next, we focus on the development of self-concept and self-evaluation, and we describes the specifics of self- evaluation of reading at the end. In the empirical part, we analyse data that were obtained from an Research project of the GAČR, which was carried out in 2013-2015 by members of the working group at the Department of psychology and other specialist from the Department of primary pedagogy and Czech language on College of Education at Charles University in Prague. We analysed of a reading self-evaluation questionnaire of pupils in 3rd and 4th grade of primary school and we compare their scores in the questionnaire with their achievement in a couple of grammar tests which measure two basic components of reading - understanding and decoding. At the end we show examples of case studies of pupil with high and low...
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Reading comprehension of pupils in the second grade of elementary school
Kulhavá Vlachová, Lenka ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to assess the reading comprehension of pupils in the second grade of elementary school. This work focuses on possible existence of differences in reading comprehension of children taught using analytic-synthetic and genetic method. The content of this thesis is also a reading self-evaluation of these students. The theoretical part acquaints readers with the main topics related to the issue, with the help of available literature sources. It focuses particularly on issues of literacy, reading, reading comprehension, reading teaching methods, self-evaluation of reading, reader environment or reading diagnostics. Due to the research goals, for the practical part, quantitative methodology was used. The test battery includes two tests of reading comprehension and self-assessment questionnaire. Examination "We're going on a trip" is taken from a research project Reading comprehension- typical development and its risk. Other used methods are test "Hedgehog" and "Questionnaire reading for pupils in second year". These methods were created under the project Development of the reading literacy competencies in the inclusive education. The research sample includes 155 children attending the second grade of primary school (66 taught analytic-synthetic reading method and 89 genetic...
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Reading comprehension in children at risk of learning difficulties
Bláhová, Veronika ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the level of reading comprehension in children at risk of developing grammar difficulties. The main goal consisted of assessing the performance and children's success in two experimental groups (with impaired speech development and the familial risk of dyslexia) and one control group (individuals with typical speech development) at the Test of Reading Comprehension based on the YARC diagnostic scale (Hulme et al., 2009). Additionally, we also observed the performance of children throughout a longer period of time. Consequently, it enabled us to compare the performance of children in the original test with the results of the Test of Reading and Comprehension by M. Caravolas and J. Volín (2005), which was administered two years later. Further analysis reveal that the individuals with the impaired speech development performed significantly worse than the children with familial risk of dyslexia whose performance was very much on the same level as the ones with typical speech development. Additionally, we found out that the performance of children in terms of comprehension does not change significantly during their development. The results of this study may be beneficial both for specialists and parents who may obtain a better understanding of their children's...
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Reader's perception of printed and displayed text
Piskáčková, Klára ; Drobíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Bouda, Tomáš (referee)
(in English): This thesis is conceived as a metareview of research on differences in perception, understanding and retention of text on various display media. It summarizes the results of the most interesting and most relevant research on this topic conducted since the 80s to the present. Even though it is difficult to summarize the results of individual studies, mainly because of differences in research methodology and differently chosen tested samples, we can say that the main finding of this metareview is that display technologies that are available these days have no negative effect on eye fatigue, reading speed, perception, understanding or retention of text. Theoretical part of this thesis is followed by practical part that consists of three short experiments performed on a small sample of participants. First of those experiments studies differences in reading comprehension and retention among high school students, second experiment focuses on differences in reading speed on different media and subjective evaluation of eye fatigue, and the third experiment is an online form about subjective preferences of study materials among learners.
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Early reading skills in children with specific language impairment
Richterová, Eva ; Seidlová Málková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee) ; Vitásková, Kateřina (referee)
Eva Richterová - Early reading skills development in children with specific language impairment This study investigated the development of early reading skills in children with specific language impairment within a psycholinguistic framework. The investigation is based on theories concerning linguistic and cognitive skills which play a crucial role in the development of reading skills. This approach is utilized to identify groups which are at risk of difficulties in literacy acquisition as a result of language impairment. Theoretical background of reading development in children with SLI is presented, in addition to current knowledge about the relationship between language and reading skills. Studies on SLI highlight the need of longitudinal investigations, which enable better understanding of the relationship between literacy development and preliteracy skills. The aim of the study was to provide a systematic description of the reading skills development in children with SLI from first to fourth Grade. A group of 25 children with SLI was repeatedly investigated in terms of their reading skills (decoding and reading comprehension) and preliteracy skills. Assessment of language and cognitive skills was also carried out and involved phonological awareness, rapid authomatised naming, and letter...
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